The Factors Ensuring the Progress of Sperm Cells in the Female Genital Tract

Numerous factors affect the progress of sperm cells in the female genital tract. These factors generally can be classified as mechanic, cellular, hormonal, and chemical factors. Fertilisation occurs as a result of a series of complex cellular and molecular reactions. Spermatozoa having the ability to move forward are transported by their own movements and by contractions of the female genital tract in the fertilisation process after being transferred thorough the female genital tract. Secretion of oxytocin from the posterior lobe of the pituitary and effectuate powerful contractions of prostaglandins in semen on the muscles of female genital tract play an important role in the sperm transport. After ejaculation, spermatozoa are coated with proteins, as secreted by male accessory glands. In bulls, these proteins consist of cattle seminal plasma proteins such as PDC-109 (BSP-A1/-A2), BSP-A3 and the BSP-30-kDa. The PDC-109 plays a role in the formation of sperm reserves in the oviduct by connecting the sperm cells to the oviduct epithelium. Investigation of these factors affecting the fertilisation possesses great importance.