Gene-Gene Interaction Study Between Genetic Polymorphisms of Folate Metabolism and MTR SNPs on Prognostic Features Impact for Breast Cancer

Background: Breast Cancer (BC), the second leading cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer and varied across the world due to genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we evaluated the interaction between the polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes of folate metabolism: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthesis reductase (MTR) with the BC prognostic factors. Methods: This study was conducted on 160 Egyptian subjects, 60 controls and 100 cases. Sequencing, RFLP analysis in addition to statistical analysis including Chi‐squared test, haplotype analysis was used to evaluate associations with BC risk and its clinicopathological parameters. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: Strong significant association with breast cancer risk was observed for the haplotype (T-C-G) of MTHFR C677T/ MTHFR A1289C and MTRA2576G and hormonal receptor expression (ER-/PR- /HER2+), bigger and advanced tumor and metastatic lymph nodes. However, no significant difference was observed for age. Conclusions: The combination of SNPs from MTHFR and MTR genes has a more synergistically genetic effect on BC disease progression. These SNPs could be used as tumor aggressiveness markers among Egyptian females with BC and could help in saving money and time.