Efficacy, Safety, and Application of Ultraviolet Radiation for Disinfection in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Background: New antimicrobial procedures are of significant importance to emerging species of bacteria and viruses. The objective of this systematic review study was to identify the efficacy, safety, and application of UV light in the disinfection of dental environments, instruments, and materials. Methods: In this systematic review article, the authors performed an electronic search of Google Scholar, Pubmed, and SCOPUS databases to retrieve related English-language articles published between the years 1990 and 2020. At first, the selected articles were reviewed by screening their titles and abstracts and ultimately by full text. Results: 35 articles were considered relevant and included in this study. Fifteen studies were related to the antibacterial efficacy of UV radiation on various bacterial, fungal, and viral species. Two studies applied UV irradiation for the disinfection of titanium implants. Sixteen articles suggested the application of UV radiation for disinfection of dental impressions, toothbrushes, N95 masks, removable prostheses, acrylic resins, and surfaces. Furthermore, one study strongly suggested using eye protection appliances while working with UV radiation, and one study claimed that UVB radiation led to oral and skin cancer while this risk is higher for oral cancer. Conclusion: UV radiation with a specific dose and a duration effectively kills viruses, bacteria, and fungi for disinfection in dental procedures, which includes dental tools and materials such as toothbrushes, dental implants, impression materials, removable dentures, and dental environment. However, the principles of protection are emphasized to reduce its harmful effects on the eyes and skin.