Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Achondroplasia Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: A Case Report

Background: There are several situations that can create a challenge to every anesthesiologist; one of them is genetic disorders such as achondroplastic dwarfism. Achondroplastic dwarfism is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia, affecting about one in 20,000 newborns. It is an autosomal disorder caused by a mutation of the fibroblastic growth factor receptor-3 gene. Case Presentation: A 7‐year‐old boy diagnosed with achondroplasia was admitted for adenotonsillectomy. He had several classical symptoms and signs of upper airway and cardiac involvement. In this case report, we describe the anesthetic management of this patient, while reviewing the difficulties encountered by the anesthesia team perioperatively. Conclusions: Difficulties with airway management and physiology of this disease can create significant challenges to the anesthesiologist. So, we should keep in mind that achondroplasia can be a complicated situation and were should be prepared to manage it.