Magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convective heat transfer in a nano uid lled wavy conduit with rotating cylinders

Flow and thermal characteristics of mixed convection in a nano uid lled wavy conduit were numerically investigated in this study. The conduit was considered to contain a pair of rotating cylinders. It was heated and cooled from its lower and upper wavy surfaces, respectively. The rotating cylinders were placed along the centerline of the wavy conduit. It was also permeated by an external magnetic eld. Finite element method was employed to simulate the conservation equations. Based on the current investigation, a new model was developed to improve the thermal conductivity of nano uids inside a wavy conduit. In addition, a detailed parametric study was conducted to visualize the eects of dimensionless key parameters on the ow structure and temperature eld in the conduit. The numerical results indicated that the physical parameters could noticeably aect both uid ow using streamlines and temperature distributions using isotherm contours and average Nusselt number. The rotating cylinders, wavy surfaces, and inclined magnetic eld were found to have the most signicant eects on the heat transfer mechanism. Maximum heat transfer occurred when placing the magnetic eld at an angle of 90.