Orbital Myeloid Sarcoma in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report

Orbital myeloid sarcoma is a common presentation in acute myeloid leukemia. A 6 years old girl child presented with progressive proptosis of the left eye for two weeks with associated redness, watering, and reduced vision in the left eye. Imaging showed the left extraconal lobulated avidly enhancing smoothly marginated lesion in the superolateral aspect. Histopathological examination showed leukemic infiltration. Bone marrow analysis confirmed the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with maturation (AML, M2). The patient was treated with induction chemotherapy followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation and subsequent consolidation chemotherapy. The patient expired ten months after diagnosis. Orbital involvement by AML leads to poor survival, even after combination therapy. Patients with proptosis need to be evaluated for malignant conditions, specifically the pediatric age.