The application of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry to evaluate Lead (II) in Vegetable Samples after Its Preconcentration by SA-DLLME

In this paper, a new and environmentally friendly approach has been developed to determine the levels of lead in plant samples. To preconcentrate the lead ion, SA-DLLME (surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction) was used in the study of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The influence of the following analytical parameters on the quantitative recoveries of lead was studied: pH, type and amount of the extraction solvent, type and amount of the dispersing solvent, type and amount of the surfactant, centrifugation time and rate, amount of (APDC), sample volume and amount of matrix. The approach was validated using vegetable samples. The approach offered a (LOD) of 0.28 μg l^-1, (LOQ) of 0.933 μg l^-1, (RSD) of 1.2-4.3%, (EF) of 85, PF of 30, and ER% of (100.6-102.1)%.