Numerical Investigation of MHD Carreau Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium with Viscosity Variations and Heat Transport

This article delves into the interpretation of the Lorentz force’s impact when employing the Carreau hybrid nanofluid model with infinite shear rate viscosity over a stretching sheet, which incorporates porous medium. This model is highly effective in elucidating various non-Newtonian fluid behaviors, encompassing shear thinning and thickening properties. The governing equations consist of coupled nonlinear PDEs, which are transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ODEs using similarity transformations. These equations are then numerically solved using a MATLAB built-in solver (bvp4c). Different characteristics of the considered flow of various parameters, such as the magnetic parameter, porous media parameter, Weissenberg number, stretching parameter, ratio parameter, coefficients space, and heat source/sinks, on temperature and velocity profiles, which are presented graphically. Additionally, the impacts of these parameters on the skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are tabulated. The Key findings suggest that, the higher values of the porous media parameter, magnetic parameter, Weissenberg number, and stretching parameter led to a decrease in velocity by 67.12% and 75.49% on average. Moreover, the velocity profile, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient are higher for the Al2O3/KO-based nanofluid compared to the Al2O3+MoS2/KO-based hybrid nanofluid. Also, the boundary layer of the hybrid nanofluid is observed to be hotter than that of the single nanoparticle nanofluid.