Evaluation of IGF2, KRT14, and KRT20 as Urinary Biomarkers in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Background: Many researchers have tried to identify bladder cancer biomarkers to reduce the need for cystoscopy. The aim of this study was to identify and measure appropriate transcripts in patient urine to develop a non-invasive screening test. Methods: From February 2020 to May 2022, 49 samples were obtained from Velayat Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Twenty-two samples were obtained from bladder cancer patients and 27 from bladder cancer-free subjects. RNA was extracted from participant samples, quantitative RT-PCR was performed, and TNP plots were used to assess IGF2 (NCBI Gene ID: 3481), KRT14 (NCBI Gene ID: 3861) and KRT20 (NCBI Gene ID: 54474) expression. For UCSC Xena analysis, Dataset ID: TCGA-BLCA was used to compare transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and normal samples for survival rates. Results: IGF and KRT14 were more greatly expressed in patient urine samples than in those of the normal group. However, KRT20 expression did not significantly differ between the two groups. IGF2 had 45.45 and 88.89% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for detecting TCC in urine samples while KRT14 had 59 and 88.89% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Also, these results infer that overexpression of IGF would be prognosticators of poor TCC outcomes. Conclusions: Our study showed that IGF2 and KRT14 are overexpressed in bladder cancer patient urine, and IGF2 could be a potential biomarker for poor prognoses in TCC.