Role of oxidative stress enzymes in abiotic and biotic stress

The study of the role of antioxidant enzymes in response to abiotic and biotic stress is of great importance in understanding plant responses to stress, biochemical changes, and their role in the formation of resistance to various factors. Studying these aspects will contribute to the implementation of targeted therapy in the event of exposure to a stress factor. The use of a plant model in this case is particularly acceptable, since oxidation processes under various types of stress, along with plants, are also found in the body of animals and humans. Oxidative stress caused in response to stress is caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species, which are represented as radicals. Under abiotic or biotic stress, the antioxidant system cannot cope with reactive oxygen species due to their insufficient synthesis, which leads to the death of individual parts of the plant or the entire organism. In any case, the protective response covers the entire plant, i.e. it is systemic and is aimed, on the one hand, at damage repair, on the other – at chemical self-defense. Secondary metabolism is activated in plants, phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids accumulate, and intensive lignification and synthesis of structural cell wall proteins are observed. As a result of the analysis, the main aspects of the influence of stressors on the activation of the enzymatic antioxidant system, and, in particular, the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase and their role in the primary immune response of plants to stress are highlighted. It can be concluded that a more thorough study of the cascade of enzymatic reactions of plants to stress will make it possible to effectively select methods for the prevention and control of abiotic and biotic stresses.