The Importance of Proteomics in Saliva and Tears as Potential Non-invasive Methods for Identifying Biomarkers in the Prognosis and Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Over the past two decades, the advancement of analytical examinations like proteomics for investigating neuronal-related biomarkers has emerged as one of the most important and effective tools for clinical evaluation and prognosis. However, there remains an unmet need in this area. With advances in quantifying methods and detection in omics research, including proteomics and metabolomics, the close association of the salivary glands and tears with the nervous system has become increasingly evident. As noninvasive specimens, saliva and tears serve as attractive substitutes for neuronal biomarkers, containing numerous proteins and metabolites that represent various ailments in neurodegenerative illnesses like multiple sclerosis (MS). These noninvasive biomarkers might potentially correlate with susceptibility, severity, and pathogenesis of neurological disorders and could be utilized in early diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, tear and salivary proteomics present novel insights into understanding disease progression and offer personalized treatment options with greater sensitivity. This approach helps highlight the most relevant experimental outcomes related to tear and salivary biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.