Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Chalcone Derivatives Catalysed by 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑎 Extract

The application of Sterculia as a catalyst in the synthesis of chalcone derivatives and the green, ecologically friendly technique of MgO particles are discussed in this work. The XRD, EDAX, FTIR, and UV methods were used to analyse bio-derived MgO particles. Chalcones were prepared as antimicrobial agents using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 1-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Sterculia catalyst. The developed substances were identified using their UV, FT-IR, mass, and 1H-NMR spectrum data, as well as elemental analysis. An appealing characteristic of the process is the one-step condensation of substituted aryl carbonyls, which allows for the synthesis of substituted chalcones in less than 3 minutes under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation, with a yield of 85-95%. The critical advantages of our study are the short period and the extraordinary output of substituted chalcones. The disc diffusion method was utilized to assess the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics of all synthesized chalcones against two-gram positive and two-gram negative bacteria, as well as two fungicides.