Novel applications of polylactic acid in anticancer drug delivery, tissue engineering, and food packaging

Recently, the production of PLA (poly lactic acid) and its derivatives for biomedical applications has obtained growing attention because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are appropriate for novel formulations. Lactic acid as a monomer of PLA is generated by microorganisms, animals, and plants. For the production of PLA, two main methods involving direct polycondensation and the ring-opening polymerization of lactic acid and lactide are employed, respectively. This polymer in combination with other synthetic and natural polymers has demonstrated promising outcomes in drug delivery systems, specifically anticancer drug carriers and tissue engineering such as skin regeneration, bone regeneration, and stents. Moreover, nanoformulations of PLA have opened new avenues for overcoming the disadvantages of traditional anticancer drugs and bulk materials. Additionally, the eco-friendly feature of this bioplastic has made it a desirable alternative to traditional plastics for various applications, from packaging to disposable tableware. In this regard, this mini-review has covered recent progress and challenges related to novel applications of this thermoplastic polyester in anticancer drug delivery and tissue engineering.