Evaluation of Wastewater Quality Using Multivariate Analysis and Water Quality Index for its Sustainable Management in Urban Area

In present study, wastewater quality was evaluated applying multivariate analysis (PCA) and water quality index with respect to the Indian standards in the selected urban areas of Jaipur region, Rajasthan, India. Maximum average values of BOD5, TDS, chloride and fluoride were recorded as 21 mg/L, 1501 mg/L, 285.0 mg/L and 1.8 mg/L, respectively, along with metal concentration in order of  Zn (6.31 mg/L ) Fe (0.52 mg/L ) Mn (0.25 mg/L), Cu (0.16 mg/L) Pb (0.11 mg/L) Ni (0.02 mg/L).  PCA indicates four components extracted with a total variance of 78.48% from the water quality parameters. Wastewater Quality Index (WWQI) analysis emphasis level of pollution load at different sites which revealed 40% of the selected sites were inappropriate for reuse without treatment, however, 60% of the sites with moderate pollution load could be suitably reuse in agricultural and aquaculture. Findings of the present study conclude that multivariate analysis and wastewater quality index could be used as an effective tool for environmental monitoring, assessing, and categorizing wastewater to opt appropriate treatment, reuse and recycling options for sustainable wastewater management.