Magnetic dichroism in valence band photoemission

Magnetic dichroism in photoemission has matured into a versatile and indispensable spectroscopic tool in surface and thin-film magnetism. Not only in core-level investigations, but also particularly in the analysis of valence electronic states (`band mappingʹ), magnetic dichroism reveals its merits. It allows one to characterize in detail the role of spin-orbit coupling in the valence bands, thereby arriving at a refined picture of the electronic structure of a ferromagnet. The various forms of magnetic dichroism, the underlying physical mechanisms, and selected results are discussed in a tutorial framework from an experimentalists point of view.