230 kV optical voltage transducers using multiple electric field sensors

230 kV optical voltage transducers were constructed and tested. These transducers use three electric field sensors whose positions and outputs are selected and combined, respectively, in accordance with the quadrature method to obtain a voltage measurement. They meet IEC 0.2% class specifications and maintain 0.2% class accuracies even in the presence of electric field disturbances caused by local changes in geometry external to the transducer. The local changes in geometry used in the testing mimic those that may occur in a substation, e.g., installation or movement of equipment.