Carbon and char residue yields from rapid pyrolysis of kraft black liquor

The yields of char residue, ®xed carbon, and inorganic carbonate were measured for oxidized black liquor char residues produced in a laboratory laminar entrained-¯ow reactor (LEFR) at heating rates of 4000±13 000°C/s. The char residue yields at the end of devolatilization thus obtained decreased nearly linearly with temperature, from 75% at 700°C to 58% at 1100°C. There were explainable di€erences in the char residue yields from the liquor used in this study and those used in other studies. Char residue yields seemed to depend mainly on the temperature to which the particles or droplets were exposed and were not very sensitive to heating rate. Fixed carbon yields behaved similarly to those of the char residue. The ®xed carbon remaining at the end of devolatilization decreased from 67% at 700°C to about 45% at 1100°C. The carbonate content in black liquor changed very little before and after devolatilization