Cyclodextrin-linked alginate beads as supporting materials for Sphingomonas cloacae, a nonylphenol degrading bacteria

Calcium alginate beads covalently linked with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD–alginate beads) were prepared and examined for their ability to serve as a supporting matrix for bacterial degradation of nonylphenol, an endocrine disruptor. Column chromatographic experiment using α-CD–alginate beads with diameter of 657 ± 82 μm and with degree of CD substitution of 0.16 showed a strong affinity for nonylphenol adsorption. Although addition of α-CD (2.7–27 mM) to the culture broth of Sphingomonas cloacae retarded nonylphenol degradation, the immobilized bacteria on the CD–alginate beads were effective for the degradation. Batch degradation tests using the immobilized bacteria on α-CD–alginate-beads showed 46% nonylphenol recovery after 10-day incubation at 25 ± 2 °C, and the recovery reached to about 17% when wide and shallow incubation tubes were used to facilitate uptake of the viscous liquid of nonylphenol on the surface of the medium. Scanning electron microscopic photographs revealed that multiplicated bacteria was present both on the surface and inside the beads and the matrix of CD–alginate was stable and suitable during 10-day incubation.