Experimental study on the direct liquefaction of Cunninghamia lanceolata in water

Direct liquefaction of Cunninghamia lanceolata in water was carried out in an autoclave in the reaction temperature and time ranges of 280–360° C and 10–30 min, respectively, and three feedstock ratios of biomass/water were tested. The experimental results show that the yield of heavy oil has a maximum between 320 and 340° C, depending on the reaction time and the feedstock ratio adopted. At the experimental conditions of this work, the maximum heavy oil yield is about 24%, obtained at the feedstock of 8 g biomass and 100 ml distilled water, with the reaction time of 10 min and the reaction temperature of 320° C.