Systematic analysis on combined heat and water transfer through porous materials based on thermodynamic energy

A new thermodynamic energy ‘water potential’ based on the principles of chemical potential of an element of mixed gas is defined as the driving force of gaseous phase water flux. Adhesive power or ‘capillary action’ and a portion of the water potential, is confirmed as the driving force of liquid phase water flux. A numerical model of combined heat and water transfer using the water potential is introduced and influences of forces, such as gravity and pressure on water flux are incorporated from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. A way to estimate diffusivities of gaseous and liquid phase water through porous materials is also shown. Accuracy of the numerical model is demonstrated through a comparison between calculation and experiment for different temperature gradients and water content in a porous material.