Geographical Distribution of Bois Noir Phytoplasmas Infecting Grapevines in Croatia

Visual symptom assessment\ polymerase chain reaction ampli_cation and restriction fragment length poly! morphism analyses were used to detect and identify phy! toplasmas infecting grapevines in Croatia[ Samples were collected from di}erent viticultural areas in order to examine geographic distribution of phytoplasmas throughout the country[ Only phytoplasmas belonging to Bois Noir "subgroup 05SrXII!A or stolbur# were found in vineyards of continental Croatia[ The fact that no phytoplasmas were detected in Dalmatia and Istria was in accordance with the absence of grapevine yellows symptoms in these regions