Advances in manufacturing systems for the production of pastes for lead/acid battery plates

The aim of this paper is to highlight the key considerations in preparing a high-performance paste for lead/acid battery plates, especially one that contains a high proportion of tetrabasic lead sulfate (4BS). Special emphasis is placed on the importance of selecting a paste mixer with the correct mixing/blending/shearing action, and both monitoring and controlling the mixing sequence, paste temperature, acid-to-oxide ratio, moisture content (density) and plasticity. Additionally, the capabilities of the Oxmaster paste-mixing equipment are detailed.