Microstructure and properties of continuously cast, lead-alloy strip for lead/acid battery grids

Lead/acid battery grid alloys, such as low-antimony-lead and lead-calcium-tin alloys with and without silver, are successfully continuously cast into strip using Comincoʹs Multi-Alloy Caster™. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of the continuously cast, low-antimony-lead strip are strongly dependent on the arsenic content in the alloys. On the other hand, the tin:calcium (Sn:Ca) ratio in the Pb---Ca---Sn alloys plays an important role in the development of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of these alloys.