A hybrid multi-variable experimental model for a PEMFC

A hybrid model composed of a least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) model and a pressure-incremental model is developed to dispose operation conditions of current, temperature, cathode and anode gas pressures, which have major impacts on a proton exchange membrane fuel cellʹs (PEMFC) performance. The LS-SVM model is built to incorporate current and temperature and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to improve its performance. The optimized LS-SVM model fits the experimental data well, with a mean squared error of 0.0002 and a squared correlation coefficient of 99.98%. While a pressure-incremental model with only one empirical coefficient is constructed to for anode and cathode pressures with satisfactory results. Combining these two models together makes a powerful hybrid multi-variable model that can predict a PEMFCʹs voltage under any current, temperature, cathode and anode gas pressure. This black-box hybrid PEMFC model could be a competitive solution for system level designs such as simulation, real-time control, online optimization and so on.