A simple approach towards sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported by Pd catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation

Functionalized benzenesulfonic groups were grafted onto the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) supported Pd catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells by a new and simple in situ radical polymerization of 4-styrenesulfonate and isoamyl nitrite. The resultant sulfonated MWCNTs-supported Pd catalysts (S-MWCNTs/Pd) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry measurements. Electrochemical characterizations of S-MWCNTs/Pd catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline solution were investigated by cyclic voltammetry techniques. These results showed that S-MWCNTs/Pd exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity, enhanced CO tolerance and better stable life than did that with the unsulfonated counterparts, mainly due to the easier access with methanol and well dispersed distribution of the S-MWCNTs/Pd catalysts in water. In addition, compared with traditional sulfonation of MWCNTs, this new approach is more advantageous to make small and uniform dispersion of Pd particles loaded onto the surfaces of sulfonated MWCNTs, indicating it is a simple, rapid, and efficient method to functionalize MWCNTs.