A study of the scattering of valve-regulated lead acid battery characteristics

Scattering of the electrical characteristics or performances of valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries was measured under controlled conditions, using batteries from three different manufacturers. Data on open-circuit voltage, capacity, and float conditions (currents and voltages) were collected for new, fully charged batteries. The physical reasons for the observed scattering were then closely examined in terms of the parameters relating to the manufacturing process, bearing in mind the following question: Which step(s) in the manufacturing process are primarily responsible for the scattering of a particular electrical parameter?