Scattering of a plane acoustic wave by a spherical elastic shell near a free surface

The acoustic scattering by a submerged spherical elastic shell near a free surface, which is insonified by plane waves at arbitrary angles of incidence is analyzed in an exact fashion using the classical separation of variables technique. To satisfy the boundary conditions at the free surface as well as on the surface of the spherical elastic shell, the mathematical problem is formulated using the image method. The scattered wave fields are expanded in terms of the classical modal series of spherical wave functions utilizing the translational addition theorem. Quite similar to the problem of scattering by multiple spheres, numerical computation of the scattered wave pressure involves the solution of an ill-conditioned complex matrix system the size of which depends on how many terms of the modal series are required for convergence. This in turn depends on the value of the frequency, and on the proximity of the spherical elastic shell to the free surface. The ill-conditioned matrix equation is solved using the Gauss-Seidel iteration method and Twerskyʹs method of successive iteration cross checking each other. Backscattered echoes from the spherical elastic shell are extensively calculated and displayed. The result also demonstrates that the large amplitude low frequency resonances of the echoes of the submerged elastic shell shift upward with proximity to the free surface. This can be attributed to the decrease of added mass for the shell vibration. The present benchmark solution could eventually be used to validate those found by numerical schemes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd