Failure criteria for isotropic materials, applications to low-density types

Isotropic failure criteria are derived in a general form that applies to both homogeneous materials and to porous, low-density materials. Specific applications are made to closed-cell foam materials, with the properties type parameters determined from experimental data. It is found that in addition to the usual yielding type of failure behavior, a fracture type behavior can arise under certain tensile stress conditions and must be taken into explicit account in forming the failure criteria for low-density materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.