Evidence-based practice in peri-operative medicine

The aim of evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the unbiased and systematic identification and synthesis of valid scientific data; these best-evidence data can then be used for clinical decision-making. The systematic review is the most important tool of EBM; it gives a specific answer to a specific question. Over 200 systematic reviews have been published in peri-operative medicine so far. They cover post-operative and labour analgesia, prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting, complications and risks related to anaesthesia, issues related to regional anaesthesia, blood transfusion and fluid replacement, and resuscitation. The majority of these systematic reviews are of good quality. In specific settings of peri-operative medicine, the number of systematic reviews has become so important that recommendations for evidenced-based strategies for prevention and therapy can be formulated, disseminated and implemented.