Pancreatic exocrine responses to parasympathetic stimulation in anaesthetized pigs

Pancreatic exocrine responses to stimulation of the peripheral ends of the vagus nerves intermittently have been investigated in anaesthetized pigs and compared with the effects of continuous stimulation at corresponding frequencies. At relatively low frequencies (≤20 Hz in bursts or 2 Hz continuously) both the flow of pancreatic juice and the output of protein therein were potentiated by stimulating in bursts. Thus stimulation at 20 Hz in bursts produced a significantly greater flow of pancreatic juice than stimulation at 2 Hz continuously (10.9±0.9 compared to 4.8±0.7 μl min−1 (g gland)−1, respectively; P<0.01). Likewise the output of protein during intermittent stimulation at 20 Hz (144±23 μg min−1 (g gland)−1) far exceeded that produced during continuous stimulation at 2 Hz (49±9 μg min−1 (g gland)−1; P<0.01). Both differences were abolished by atropine (0.5 mg kg−1 i.v.), which augmented the flow during continuous stimulation (to 8.7±1.5 μl min−1 (g gland)−1; P<0.05 at 2 Hz) and substantially reduced the output of protein during intermittent stimulation (to 27±7 ng min−1 (g gland)−1; P<0.01 at 20 Hz in bursts). These results show that a variety of pancreatic exocrine responses can be enhanced by stimulating the parasympathetic innervation in bursts. They are also consistent with the contention that the secretion of protein from the gland, in response to parasympathetic stimulation, is dependent mainly on activation of muscarinic receptors. They confirm that the flow of pancreatic juice is due mainly to the release of VIP and show that, in the absence of atropine, this is restricted by muscarinic inhibition which may be presynaptic as elsewhere.