Internal logic viewed from observation space: Theory and a case study

We propose a framework of neurocognitive experiments that clarifies structures of descriptions for the observed data. This framework can be used to determine the limitation of their possible interpretations and to reveal tacit assumptions of the experiments. We apply the framework to some actual neurocognitive experiment whose aim was to clarify internal inference processes of animals, and we also examine possible processes which the observer can describe in this framework. We show that our framework predicts the existence of unidentified types of neurons, thereby the framework can be used to propose new types of experiments.