Subjective responses to d-amphetamine alone and after pimozide pretreatment in normal, healthy volunteers

The role of dopamine in d-amphetamine—induced euphoria has not been systematically examined in normal volunteers. Therefore, we examined the effects of the dopamine antagonist, pimozide, on responses to d-amphetamine in healthy volunteers, using a withinsubjects, double-blind design. Ten subjects received single oral doses of d-amphetamine (0, 10, 20 mg) 2 hours following pretreatment with pimozide (0, 1, 2 mg). Subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects were assessed predrug and for 3 hours after d-amphetamine administration. d-Amphetamine alone produced prototypic effects on a variety of measures, including euphoria and drug liking. Pimozide did not produce any effects when administered alone and produced inconsistent effects on responses to d-amphetamine. Although higher doses of pimozide may be needed to antagonize the euphorigenic effects of d-amphetamine, these results raise the possibility that the role of dopamine in the subjective effects of stimulants may be more complex than initially appreciated.