Obsessive-compulsive symptoms among patients with Sydenham chorea

Background Among patients with tic disorders, a distinctive clinical profile of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology has been described. The present investigation was designed to document the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) among patients with Sydenham chorea (SC), the neurologic variant of rheumatic fever. We hypothesized that OCS occurring in association with SC would be similar to those among patients with tic disorders. Methods The authors studied the presence of OCS in 73 patients with SC by using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale at the Pediatric Clinics of the University of São Paulo Medical Center in São Paulo, Brazil (n = 45) and at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland (n = 28). Results The most frequent symptoms observed among subjects with comorbid SC and OCS were aggressive, contamination, and somatic obsessions and checking, cleaning, and repeating compulsions. A principal component factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution (accounting for 64.5% of the total variance), with contamination and symmetry obsessions and cleaning compulsions loading highly. Conclusions The symptoms observed among the SC patients were different from those reported by patients with tic disorders but were similar to those previously noted among samples of pediatric patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder.