Carbon dioxide laser in dental caries prevention

Objectives. To describe CO2 laser characteristics and to review the literature regarding its effects on caries inhibition in enamel and dentin. Another aim of this review is to discuss the effects of CO2 laser in combination with fluoride. Data and sources. The literature was searched for review and original research papers relating CO2 laser characteristics, CO2 laser effects on enamel and dentin, use of CO2 laser in dental caries prevention and the effects of CO2 laser in combination with fluoride. The articles have been selected using Medline and manual tracing of references cited in key papers otherwise not elicited. Study selection. Dental studies pertinent to key aspects of review, and those that focus on CO2 laser. Conclusions. Irradiation of dental enamel by specific wavelengths and fluencies of CO2 laser alters the hydroxyapatite crystals reducing the acid reactivity of the mineral; CO2 laser irradiation in combination with fluoride treatment is more effective in inhibiting caries-like lesions than CO2 laser irradiation or fluoride alone; When laser and fluoride are combined, it is possible to reduce laser energy density and fluoride levels; If this laser technology becomes available at a reasonable cost and the results can be applied in clinical practice, there will be a promising future for this laser in caries prevention.