Electrospray-Atmospheric Sampling Glow Discharge Ionization Source for the Direct Analysis of Liquid Samples

Coupling electrospray with atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization for the direct analysis of liquid-phase samples is demonstrated. Electrospray is utilized for nebulizing and transporting intact sample molecules into the glow discharge where ionization occurs through various pathways, including electron ionization and ion-molecule reactions with reagent ions. Reagent ions are formed through ionization of air molecules in an area of reduced pressure. The effects of discharge current, electrospray voltage, and solution flow rate on the absolute and relative ion intensities observed in the mass spectra are discussed. This technique is applicable to compounds containing various functional groups and encompassing a range of volatility. Analysis of organic compounds with varying volatility and polarity is discussed to illustrate the utility of this ionization technique.