Signaling checkpoints during the development of T lymphocytes

Two major lineage decisions face immature T cells as they develop in the thymus. At an early stage in their development, they must first commit to either the γδ or αβ lineages. If they opt for the αβ lineage, then at a later stage they must also choose between a CD4+ or CD8+ fate before they can pass through the thymic medulla and exit to the periphery. Thymocyte survival at key developmental checkpoints is determined by signaling from cytokine receptors and the T-cell receptor. Recent advances have been made in contemporary understanding of the signals that regulate thymocyte survival, proliferation and lineage decisions.