Thermodynamic assessment of the Al–Cu–Gd system

Phase equilibria of the Cu–Gd and Al–Cu–Gd systems were analyzed, and a complete thermodynamic description of the system was obtained. The thermodynamic descriptions of the Al–Cu and Al–Gd systems were taken from the literature. Most of the binary intermetallic phases except image, image, and image were treated as being without solubility in the ternary system. Based on the experimental data in the literature, seven stable ternary intermetallic phases were involved in the modeling of this system. Among them, one ternary compound was treated as a semi-stoichiometric compound with large homogeneity ranges of both Al and Cu. The rest were treated as stoichiometric compounds. The calculated phase equilibria were in agreement with the available experimental data.