Inhibition of peroxyl radical–mediated lipid oxidation by plasmalogen phospholipids and α-tocopherol

The recently discovered peroxyl radical scavenging properties of plasmalogen phospholipids led us to evaluate their potential interactions with α-tocopherol. The oxidative decay of plasmalogen phospholipids and of polyunsaturated fatty acids as induced by peroxyl radicals (generated from 2,2′-azobis-2-amidinopropane hydrochloride; AAPH) was studied in micelles using 1H-NMR and chemical analyses. In comparison with α-tocopherol, a 20- to 25-fold higher concentration of plasmalogen phospholipids was needed to induce a similar inhibition of peroxyl radical–mediated oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plasmalogen phospholipids and α-tocopherol protected each other from oxidative degradation. In low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and micelles supplemented with plasmalogen phospholipids plus α-tocopherol, the peroxyl radical-promoted oxidation was additively diminished. The differences in the capacities to inhibit oxidation processes induced by peroxyl radicals between the plasmalogen phospholipids and α-tocopherol were less pronounced in the LDL particles than in the micelles. In conclusion, plasmalogen phospholipids and α-tocopherol apparently compete for the interaction with the peroxyl radicals. Oxidation processes induced by peroxyl radicals are inhibited in an additive manner in the presence of the two radical scavengers. The contribution of the plasmalogen phospholipids to the protection against peroxyl radical promoted oxidation in vivo is expected to be at least as important as that of α-tocopherol.