Lipoxygenases and atherosclerosis: protection versus pathogenesis

15 lipoxygenase (15LO) is a lipid-oxidizing enzyme that is considered to contribute to the formation of oxidized lipids in atherosclerotic lesions. Monocyte-macrophages are the key cells that express 15LO in atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we examine the evidence for 15LO involvement in atherogenesis and explore and evaluate the potential mechanisms whereby 15LO may contribute to the oxidation of LDL by monocyte-macrophages. We also describe several possible pro- versus anti-atherogenic functions that may be mediated by various products of 15LO lipid oxidation. Central pathways involved in regulating 15LO expression and activity that may serve as future targets for intervention and regulation of this enzyme are also reviewed.