Analysis of regularity in the EEG background activity of Alzheimerʹs disease patients with Approximate Entropy

Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the regularity of the EEG background activity of Alzheimerʹs disease (AD) patients to test the hypothesis that the irregularity of the AD patientsʹ EEG is lower than that of age-matched controls. Methods We recorded the EEG from 19 scalp electrodes in 10 AD patients and 8 age-matched controls and estimated the Approximate Entropy (ApEn). ApEn is a non-linear statistic that can be used to quantify the irregularity of a time series. Larger values correspond to more complexity or irregularity. A spectral analysis was also performed. Results ApEn was significantly lower in the AD patients at electrodes P3 and P4 (P<0.01), indicating a decrease of irregularity. We obtained 70% sensitivity and 100% specificity at P3, and 80% sensitivity and 75% specificity at P4. Results seemed to be complementary to spectral analysis. Conclusions The decreased irregularity found in the EEG of AD patients in the parietal region leads us to think that EEG analysis with ApEn could be a useful tool to increase our insight into brain dysfunction in AD. However, caution should be applied due to the small sample size. Significance This article represents a first step in demonstrating the feasibility of ApEn for recognition of EEG changes in AD.