Bacteriophages as viral indicators for radiation processing of water: a chemical approach

Inactivation of the bacteriophages PHI X 174 (somatic coliphage), MS2 (F-specific coliphage) and B40-8 (phage infecting Bacteroides fragilis) suspended in tap water was studied applying gamma and electron beam irradiation as well. PHI X 174 phage was found to be a suitable viral indicator for water disinfection by means of ionizing radiation. The nutrient broths introduced simultaneously with the bacteriophages into the water when it is spiked with the phages for the experiments did not significantly change the scavenging capacity of the water matrix. No dose rate effect was observed with MS2 and B40-8 phages but PHI X 174 phage showed a clear dose rate effect. It was found that in water MS2 phage is significantly more sensitive to ionizing radiation than Escherichia coli.