Bioactive ceramics: the effect of surface reactivity on bone formation and bone cell function

Surface reactivity is one of the common characteristics of bone bioactive ceramics. It contributes to their bone bonding ability and their enhancing effect on bone tissue formation. During implantation, reactions occur at the material–tissue interface that lead to time-dependent changes in the surface characteristics of the implant material and the tissues at the interface. This review describes some of the current concepts regarding the surface reactivity of bone bioactive materials and its effect on attachment, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of bone cells.