Surface modification of poly(vinylidenefluoride) to improve the osteoblast adhesion

Cell adhesion to biomaterials is mediated primarily by the interaction between surface bound proteins and corresponding receptors on the membrane of the cells. The attachment of fibronectin onto poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) surface and the application of PVDF as biomaterial in bone contact was the subject of our study. PVDF is a biomaterial established for soft tissue applications. Surface modifications of PVDF were performed by plasma induced graft copolymerisation of acrylic acid or CVD polymerisation of 4-amino[2.2]paracyclophane. The provided functionalised PVDF surface was used to immobilise fibronectin using different techniques. All modification steps were verified by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (IR-ATR) and contact angle measurements. Surface topology was studied by atomic force measurements (AFM). Protein adsorption was controlled by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell attachment was enhanced if physically adsorbed fibronectin was used, while enhanced attachment and proliferation were induced by covalently binding fibronectin to the surface modified PVDF.