Sol–gel synthesis of a multifunctional, hierarchically porous silica/apatite composite

In this study, a degradable, hierarchically porous silica/apatite composite material is developed from a simple low-temperature synthesis. Mesoporosity is induced in the silica portion by the use of supramolecular templating. The template is further removed by calcination. Firstly, hydroxyapatite is synthesized through a sol–gel method at near room temperature conditions. After the mineralization process, the crystal surface is coated with a mesoporous silica matrix using the templates already present in the bulk solution. The material is characterized by XRD, N2-sorption, FT–IR, SEM/EDS, and TEM. The coating layer is distributed fairly homogeneously over the apatite surface and the coating thickness is easily adjustable and dependent on the amount of added silica precursor. The hybrid material is shown to efficiently induce calcium phosphate formation under in vitro conditions and simultaneously work as a carrier system for drugs.