Carbon black: a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries

The reactions of sodium with non-porous carbon blacks have been studied. These materials show a high reversible capacity in sodium-ion batteries. The presence of disordered layers and the low density of the carbon black materials favor the reversibility of the process. A maximum amount of 0.0155 mole of sodium by cm3 of carbon is achieved. The performance of a sodium-ion cell using Na0.7CoO2 as the positive electrode and carbon black as the negative is described.