Allogeneic blood and bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation in haematological malignant diseases: a randomised trial Original Research Article

Background Atologous transplantation with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) results in faster haematopoietic-cell repopulation than with bone marrow. We prospectively compared bone marrow and PBSC for allogeneic transplantation. Methods Adult HLA-identical sibling donors provided bone marrow and lenograstim-mobilised PBSC. 39 patients with malignant haematological disorders were infused with either bone marrow (n=19) or PBSC (n=20) after standard conditioning regimens in a double-blind, randomised fashion. The identity of the infused products for all patients remained masked until 1 year after the last patient had received transplantation. Findings The PBSC group had significantly faster neutrophil recovery to 0·5 × 109/L (median 17·5 vs 23 days, p=0·002), and platelet recovery to 20 × 109/L (median 11 vs 18 days, p<0·0001) and to 50 × 109/L (median 20·5 vs 27 days, p=0·02) than the bone-marrow group. PBSC patients were discharged from hospital earlier than were bone-marrow patients (median 26 vs 31 days, p=0·01). At 4 weeks after transplantation, absolute lymphocytes (0·48 vs 0·63, p=0·08) and CD25 cells (0·04 vs 0·08, p=0·007) were higher in the PBSC group, and the proportion of patients with absolute lymphopenia (74% vs 33%, p=0·03) and CD4 lymphopenia (59% vs 24%, p=0·05) was significantly higher in the bone-marrow group. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease and overall survival. The probability of relapse was significantly higher in the bone-marrow group than in the PBSC group (p=0·01); all five relapses occurred among bone-marrow recipients. Interpretation Our small study indicates that PBSCs are better than bone marrow for allogeneic transplantation from HLA-identical siblings in terms of faster haematopoietic and immune recovery, and have the potential to reduce disease recurrence.