Effects of suppressing the urge to drink on the accessibility of alcohol outcome expectancies

Previous work has shown that attempts to deliberately suppress a given thought is associated with heightened accessibility of thought-related information both during and following suppression (Wegner, 1994, Psychological Review, 101, 34–52). This study examined whether attempts to suppress the urge for alcohol would similarly be associated with heightened accessibility of alcohol-related information. Heavy social drinkers were exposed to the sight and smell of their usual alcoholic beverage either under instructions to suppress their urge to drink alcohol or without such instructions. Following this task, participants were asked to make timed judgments about the applicability of a series of alcohol outcome expectancies. Results supported the view that suppression increases the accessibility of information in memory. Those in the Suppression condition were faster to endorse alcohol outcome expectancies following exposure to alcohol cues than those in the Control condition. Findings are discussed in terms of cognitive strategies for regulating alcohol use and patterns of restrained drinking.