Prediction of Residual Stress and Distortion of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals: Current Status and Future Developments

The quantitative prediction of the consequences of a heat treatment, in terms of microstructure and hardness, residual stresses and distortions, implies a thorough knowledge of the coupled thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical phenomena that occur during the treatment and their modeling. Recent progress made in that field for metallic alloys (steels, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys) is reviewed through different examples.