Proximal Conduit Obstruction After Sano Modified Norwood Procedure

Sano and colleagues [1] recently described a modification of first stage palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome utilizing a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. Preliminary results are favorable, but experience with this technique is limited. We report a case of sudden death due to obstruction of the proximal conduit by fibrointimal hyperplasia. This case of lethal conduit obstruction presented 3 months after initial palliation. Early cardiac catheterization and second stage palliation may be necessary to minimize the risk of such adverse events after the Sano modification.