Comparison between the effects of amlodipine and lisinopril on proteinuria in nondiabetic renal failure : A double-blind, randomized prospective study

Double-blind, randomized controlled studies of longer than 1 week in duration comparing the antiproteinuric potential of long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers with that of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are lacking. Therefore, we performed such a study in patients with nondiabetic renal disease and proteinuria. After a 4-week wash-out period in which patients did not use any medication known to affect proteinuria, 21 patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either the calcium channel blocker amlodipine (Amlo, 5 to 10 mg) or the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril (Lis, 5 to 10 mg). Throughout the 16-week study period, blood pressure, creatinine clearances, and proteinuria were measured every 2 weeks. In addition, device- measured blood pressure and renal hemodynamic studies were performed at the start and end of the study. Systolic blood pressure fell in the Lis group from 163 ± 7 (SEM) to 140 ± 8 mm Hg (P< .01) and from 157 ± 10 to 147 ± 6 mm Hg in the Amlo group; diastolic blood pressure fell from 101 ± 3 to 86 ± 7 mm Hg in the Lis group and from 98 ± 3 to 91 ± 2 mm Hg in the Amlo group. Renal hemodynamics were not affected by amlodipine treatment, whereas a fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was seen in lisinopril-treated patients (from 55 ± 11 to 50 ± 10 mL/min; P< .01). Amlodipine did not significantly affect proteinuria. Lisinopril induced a decline in the protein-creatinine ratio with a maximal effect reached after 12 to 16 weeks of therapy (from 0.39 ± 0.17 to 0.26 ± 0.11 g/mmol; P< .009). In conclusion, we could not demonstrate an antiproteinuric effect of the long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker amlodipine, whereas therapy with the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril resulted in a decrease in proteinuria. Amlodipine did not affect renal hemodynamics, whereas lisinopril induced a fall in GFR.